E-bike statistics span several different measures: bicycle sales, emergency-department injuries, rider activity and the broader electric two-wheeler market. The figures below identify the population, geography and measurement period so that e-bike-only data is not confused with wider electric 2W estimates.
Key E-Bike Statistics
The most useful headline figures are:
- In 2022, 1.1 million e-bikes were sold in the United States.
- In the United States, e-bike sales were 325,000 in 2018.
- In the United States, e-bike sales fell to 287,000 in 2019.
- In the United States, weighted emergency-department e-bike injuries were estimated at 23,493 in 2022.
- From 2017 through 2022, 45,586 U.S. e-bike injuries were estimated from emergency-department data.
- From 2017 through 2022, 5,462 U.S. e-bike hospitalizations were estimated.
- From 2019 to 2022, the U.S. population-based e-bike injury rate increased 293.0%.
- In 2022, males represented 74% of estimated injured U.S. e-bicyclists.
- In 2022, people aged 35–54 represented 31% of estimated U.S. e-bike injuries.
- In 2022, head injuries represented 34% of estimated U.S. e-bike injuries.
- In 2022, helmet use was recorded for 36% of injured U.S. e-bicyclists.
- Across 2017–2022 U.S. cases, nonhelmeted e-bicyclists had 1.9 times the odds of head injury compared with helmeted e-bicyclists.
- During a four-week German tracker period, 22.4% of e-bike users reached at least 150 minutes of weekly moderate-to-vigorous activity.
- During the same German study period, 35.0% of conventional-bike users reached that activity threshold.
- Globally, electric 2W sales reached 10 million vehicles in 2024.
- In 2024, electric models were about 15% of global electric 2W sales.
- In 2024, China sold about 7 million electric 2Ws.
- In 2024, India sold 1.3 million electric 2Ws, about 6% of its overall 2W market.
- In 2024, Vietnam recorded 250,000 electric-2W sales, close to a 10% share.
Contents
- U.S. e-bike sales and global market scale
- E-bike injury trends in the United States
- Age, sex and care-setting data
- Injury types, head trauma and helmet use
- E-bike activity and physical-health measures
- Electric two-wheeler adoption by country
U.S. E-Bike Sales and Global Market Scale
The U.S. Department of Energy reported 325,000 U.S. e-bike sales in 2018 and 287,000 in 2019. Sales then reached 1.1 million in 2022, a total described by DOE as almost four times the 2019 level; the series was attributed to Light Electric Vehicle Association data. U.S. Department of Energy presents these figures as a sales series, not a count of unique owners.
| U.S. measure | Period | Reported figure |
|---|---|---|
| E-bike sales | 2018 | 325,000 |
| E-bike sales | 2019 | 287,000 |
| E-bike sales | 2022 | 1.1 million |
| E-bike imports | 2020 | 437,000 |
| E-bike imports | 2022 | More than 1.1 million |
The import figures are a different measure: U.S. e-bike imports exceeded 1.1 million in 2022, compared with 437,000 in 2020. Imports should not be treated as equivalent to retail sales.
The International Energy Agency estimated 10 million global electric 2W sales in 2024. In that IEA category, electric models were about 15% of global 2W sales and more than 9% of the global 2W fleet.
The IEA definition is broader than pedal-assist bicycles: it covers L1/L3 two-wheelers with a top speed of at least 25 km/h under the UNECE classification. These global figures therefore describe electric two-wheelers, not e-bikes alone. IEA, Global EV Outlook 2025 provides the market definition and estimates.
E-Bike Injury Trends in the United States
The JAMA Surgery study used weighted National Electronic Injury Surveillance System projections for U.S. emergency-department-treated e-bicycle injuries. The annual estimates rose from 751 in 2017 to 1,615 in 2018, 2,215 in 2019, 5,627 in 2020, 11,885 in 2021 and 23,493 in 2022.
| Year | Weighted estimated ED injuries | Reported 95% confidence interval |
|---|---|---|
| 2017 | 751 | 0–1,586 |
| 2018 | 1,615 | 318–2,912 |
| 2019 | 2,215 | 614–3,815 |
| 2020 | 5,627 | 1,107–10,147 |
| 2021 | 11,885 | 3,869–19,901 |
| 2022 | 23,493 | 11,043–35,994 |
Across 2017–2022, the cumulative weighted estimate was 45,586 U.S. e-bicycle injuries, with a 95% confidence interval of 17,079–74,094. The study estimated 5,462 hospitalizations over the same period, with a 95% confidence interval of 2,148–8,777. Electric Bicycle Injuries and Hospitalizations reports the weighted projections and intervals.
The population-based e-bike injury rate increased 293.0% from 2019 to 2022. This is not a risk-per-ride or risk-per-mile measure, and the estimates exclude people who did not seek emergency care.
For context, e-bike injuries were one component of 1,933,296 estimated U.S. micromobility injuries from 2019–2022. That broader total combines e-bikes, bicycles, powered scooters and hoverboards, so it is not an e-bike-only count. The Burden of Injuries Associated With E-Bikes, Powered Scooters, Hoverboards, and Bicycles in the United States: 2019–2022 reports the combined category.
E-Bike Injury Statistics by Age, Sex and Care Setting
The demographic percentages describe the NEISS injury population, not all e-bike riders or owners. Males accounted for 69% of estimated injured e-bicyclists in 2017 and 74% in 2022, while females accounted for 31% and 26%, respectively.
| Group or setting | 2017 | 2022 |
|---|---|---|
| Under 18 | 0% | 13% |
| Age 18–34 | 63% | 30% |
| Age 35–54 | 11% | 31% |
| Age 55 and older | 25% | 26% |
| Urban hospitals | 90% | 79% |
The under-18 share rose from 0% in 2017 to 13% in 2022, while the 18–34 share fell from 63% to 30%. People aged 35–54 represented 11% of estimated injuries in 2017 and 31% in 2022; people aged 55 and older represented 25% and 26%.
Urban hospitals accounted for 90% of estimated e-bike injuries in 2017 and 79% in 2022. This is the hospital type for NEISS-treated injuries, not a measure of the urban population’s exposure to e-bikes.
The study’s small subgroup estimates can have wide intervals, and the 2017 under-18 estimate was zero. These figures should therefore be read as characteristics of recorded emergency-department injuries rather than rider prevalence.
E-Bike Injury Types, Head Trauma and Helmet Use
Head injuries rose from an estimated 163 cases in 2017 to 7,922 in 2022. As a share of estimated e-bike injuries, head injuries increased from 22% in 2017 to 34% in 2022.
| Injury category | 2017 share | 2022 share |
|---|---|---|
| Head injury | 22% | 34% |
| Fracture or dislocation | 38% | 27% |
| Lower-extremity injury | 35% | 26% |
| Blunt soft-tissue injury | 24% | 30% |
Fracture or dislocation accounted for 38% of estimated injuries in 2017 and 27% in 2022. Lower-extremity injuries represented 35% and 26%, while blunt soft-tissue injuries represented 24% and 30%.
Helmet information was available only when mentioned in clinical narratives. In the pooled 2017–2022 calculation, helmet use was recorded for 44% of injured e-bicyclists; the annual table reported 50% in 2017 and 36% in 2022.
Nonhelmeted e-bicyclists had 1.9 times the odds of head injury compared with helmeted e-bicyclists, with a 95% confidence interval of 1.25–2.84. This is an observational association, not proof of a causal protective effect. Electric Bicycle Injuries and Hospitalizations contains the injury and helmet estimates.
The 2019–2022 comparison also found a 293% increase in the population-based e-bike injury rate, compared with an 88% increase for powered-scooter injury rates. The comparison is between device categories and does not establish per-mile risk. The Burden of Injuries Associated With E-Bikes, Powered Scooters, Hoverboards, and Bicycles in the United States: 2019–2022 reports this comparison.
E-Bike Activity and Physical-Health Measures
A prospective observational study in Germany tracked e-bike and conventional-bike users over a four-week period. The e-bike group included 1,250 participants, and the conventional-bike comparison group included 629 participants.
| German study measure | E-bike users | Conventional-bike users |
|---|---|---|
| At least 150 minutes of weekly moderate-to-vigorous activity | 22.4% | 35.0% |
| Adjusted odds of reaching the target | 0.56 | Reference comparison |
During the tracker period, 22.4% of e-bike users reached at least 150 minutes of weekly moderate-to-vigorous activity, compared with 35.0% of conventional-bike users. The threshold was based on the WHO activity target, and cycling activity was measured with trackers.
Adjusted odds of reaching the target were 0.56 for e-biking versus conventional biking, with a 95% confidence interval of 0.43–0.72. Because the study was observational, the result may reflect differences in age, health, usage patterns or other confounders rather than a causal effect of electric assistance. Impact of electrically assisted bicycles on physical activity and traffic accident risk: a prospective observational study reports the German study results.
Electric Two-Wheeler Adoption Statistics by Country
The IEA estimated that China, India and Southeast Asia together accounted for around 80% of global 2W sales in 2024. These are electric 2W figures under the IEA’s broader definition, not pedal-assist e-bike totals.
| Market | 2024 electric 2W measure |
|---|---|
| China | About 7 million sales |
| India | 1.3 million sales; about 6% of overall 2W market |
| Vietnam | 250,000 sales; close to 10% share |
| Indonesia | About 105,000 sales; below 2% share |
| Philippines | More than 25,000 sales |
Electric models represented more than half of China’s 2W sales from 2020 onward. In India, four market leaders held a combined 80% of electric 2W sales in 2024; the country had 220 electric-2W OEMs, up from 180 in 2023.
The 80 largest Indian electric-2W makers had combined production capacity of 10 million vehicles in 2024. Capacity is not actual production or sales, and the OEM counts and capacity include vehicle categories broader than e-bikes.
Vietnam’s 2024 electric-2W sales were 250,000, close to a 10% sales share. Indonesia recorded about 105,000 sales with an electric share below 2%, while the Philippines recorded more than 25,000 electric-2W sales.
The IEA’s country figures are useful for understanding electric two-wheeler adoption and manufacturing scale, but they should not be presented as e-bike-only market shares. IEA, Global EV Outlook 2025 defines the category and reports these 2024 estimates.